Validation of the PHQ-15 questionnaire version for the Mexican population to assess psychosomatic symptoms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v15i30.3168Keywords:
symptom, psychosomatics, diagnosis, scale, measurement, validity, anxiety, depression, Spanish, Mexicans, organic causes, instruments, Mexican adult population , culture , healthAbstract
Psychosomatic symptoms are physical manifestations of psychological origin that are not adequately explained by organic causes. For this reason, it is difficult to differentiate them from other conditions, so health sciences must consider their diagnosis and research on them a priority. The PHQ-15 (Patient Health Questionnaire) is an instrument that allows its diagnosis through a list of 15 psychosomatic symptoms. The purpose of this research was to validate the PHQ-15 for the Mexican adult population, obtaining indicators of reliability, construct, and convergent validity. First, the instrument was translated and culturally adapted. This version was evaluated by mental health specialists and doctors. The PHQ-15 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied to 420 Mexican participants through an online survey. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed that rectified the unifactorial structure. The results showed acceptable fit indicators and a significant contribution of all the reagents to the model. The correlations between the PHQ-15 and the HADS showed a directly proportional relationship between psychosomatic symptoms with depression and anxiety, which provides evidence of convergent validity. Regarding internal consistency, it showed adequate levels of reliability.
Downloads
References
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5TM (pp. xliv, 947). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Barriguete Meléndez, J. A., Pérez Bustinzar, A. R., Vega Morales, R. I. de la, Barriguete Chávez-Peón, P., & Rojo Moreno, L. (2017). Validación de la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión en población mexicana con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Revista mexicana de trastornos alimentarios, 8(2), 123-130.
Becker, S., Al Zaid, K., & Al Faris, E. (2002). Screening for somatization and depression in Saudi Arabia: A validation study of the PHQ in primary care. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 32(3), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.2190/XTDD-8L18-P9E0-JYRV
Bransfield, R. C., & Friedman, K. J. (2019). Differentiating Psychosomatic, Somatopsychic, Multisystem Illnesses and Medical Uncertainty. Healthcare, 7(4), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040114
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Campo-Arias, A., & Oviedo, H. C. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas de una escala: La consistencia interna: [revisión]. Rev. salud pública, 831-839.
Craig, G. J., & Baucum, D. (2001). Desarrollo psicológico (Octava Edición). Pearson Educación.
Escobar, J. I., Waitzkin, H., Silver, R. C., Gara, M., & Holman, A. (1998). Abridged somatization: A study in primary care. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(4), 466-472. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199807000-00012
Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (Fifth Edition). American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781585625048
Henning, M., Subic-Wrana, C., Wiltink, J., & Beutel, M. (2020). Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Somatic Diseases. Psychosomatic Medicine, 82(3), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000779
Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Mc Graw Hill Education.
Holloway, K. L., & Zerbe, K. J. (2000). Simplified approach to somatization disorder: When less may prove to be more. Postgraduate Medicine, 108(6), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2000.11.1290
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía [INEGI]. (2020). Número de habitantes. Cuéntame de México. https://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/poblacion/habitantes.aspx?tema=P
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). The PHQ-15: Validity of a New Measure for Evaluating the Severity of Somatic Symptoms: Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(2), 258-266. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200203000-00008
Landa, A., Peterson, B. S., & Fallon, B. A. (2012). Somatoform Pain: A developmental theory and translational research review. Psychosomatic medicine, 74(7), 717-727. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182688e8b
Lobo, A., Chamorro, L., Luque, A., Dal-Ré, R., Baró, E., & Badia, X. (2002). Grupo de Validación en Español de Escalas Psicométricas (GVEEP),. Validación de las versiones en español de la Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale y la Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale para la evaluación de la depresión y de la ansiedad. Medicina Clínica, 118(13), 493-499.
Marple, R. L., Kroenke, K., Lucey, C. R., Wilder, J., & Lucas, C. A. (1997). Concerns and expectations in patients presenting with physical complaints. Frequency, physician perceptions and actions, and 2-week outcome. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(13), 1482-1488.
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2016). Culture & psychology (Fifth Edition). Wadsworth.
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test Theory: A Unified Treatment. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601087
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2021). Psychosomatic | Definition of Psychosomatic by Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/psychosomatic
Nisar, H., & Srivastava, R. (2018). Fundamental Concept of Psychosomatic Disorders: A Review. 3.
Pérez, E. R., & Medrano, L. A. (2010). Análisis factorial exploratorio: Bases conceptuales y metodológicas. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento ( RACC ), 2(1), 58-66.
Quezada-Scholz, V. E. (2020). Miedo y psicopatología la amenaza que oculta el Covid-19. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología / Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology, 14(1), Article 1. https://www.cnps.cl/index.php/cnps/article/view/394
Ros Montalban, S., Comas Vives, A., & García-García, M. (2010). Validación de la Versión Española del Cuestionario PHQ-15 para la evaluación de síntomas físicos en pacientes con trastornos de depresión y/o ansiedad: Estudio DEPRE-SOMA. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 38(6), 345-357.
Schappert, S. M. (1992). National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1989 summary. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13, Data from the National Health Survey, 110, 1-80.
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Kroenke, K., Linzer, M., deGruy, F. V., Hahn, S. R., Brody, D., & Johnson, J. G. (1994). Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA, 272(22), 1749-1756.
Stone, J., Colyer, M., Feltbower, S., Carson, A., & Sharpe, M. (2004). “Psychosomatic”: A Systematic Review of Its Meaning in Newspaper Articles. Psychosomatics, 45(4), 287-290. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.45.4.287
Yaskevich, R. A., Khamnagadaev, I. I., Derevyannikh, E. V., Polikarpov, L. S., Gogolashvili, N. G., & Taptygina, E. V. (2015). Anxiety-depressive disorders in elderly migrants of the far north in the period of readaptation to new climatic conditions. Advances in Gerontology, 5(3), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057015030145
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nova Scientia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Conditions for the freedom of publication: the journal, due to its scientific nature, must not have political or institutional undertones to groups that are foreign to the original objective of the same, or its mission, so that there is no censorship derived from the rigorous ruling process.
Due to this, the contents of the articles will be the responsibility of the authors, and once published, the considerations made to the same will be sent to the authors so that they resolve any possible controversies regarding their work.
The complete or partial reproduction of the work is authorized as long as the source is cited.
